How To Maintain An Excavator

Any excavator is an expensive and valuable piece of equipment that requires care and attention. On site downtime means a loss of money. Downtime can be avoided by regular maintenance, spending a certain amount of time and money on upkeep will help save money in the future. A set daily maintenance routine can help avoid a number of issues that are not only time consuming but costly to resolve. The following is a list of recommendations:

Check the engine and hydraulic oil levels

These should be checked on a daily basis and added to when needed. All machines are slightly different so consult your excavator manual for how often you need to change the oil. Contaminated oil can lead to hydraulic failures.

Use the right type of oil

This is not a place to try and economise, using low quality oil can cause a multitude of problems. High grade oils are especially formulated to prevent both thermal and oxidative breakdown as well as improving soot related viscosity control and wear protection. Hydraulic systems are designed to precise tolerances, therefore the wrong type of oil or any other type of contamination will generally lead to hydraulic failures. Cheaper oils often contain additives that will break down when used under high duty cycles. This is especially true for high duty boom operation, where the correct hydraulic oil type and viscosity is fundamental as anti corrosion and anti wear additives will degrade under high heat conditions. A regular oil sample program is recommendable and will show any contaminants.

Check water and fuel separator

Most modern excavators have a fuel filter that has a water separator to remove water from the fuel. These filters require daily inspection and regular draining.

The fuel

Just as the oil should be the correct type and of high quality, so should the fuel. For larger job sites it is common for a fuel technician to be contracted, who is responsible for delivering the correct fuel and ensuring cleanliness of the fuel and its delivery. A fuel technician will also make sure that the fuel contains the appropriate additives that prevent the growth of algae and other organisms. If you have hired a compact excavator for a smaller job, be sure to seek advice on the type of fuel and any additives needed. It is also important to remember to check the fuel tank vent, this can easily become clogged when working in dusty conditions, leading to over exertion on the fuel pump when delivering fuel.

Inspect the cooling system on a regular basis

Radiator insulation and heat shields in the engine compartments should be in the correct place and replaced if they show any wear. Heat exchangers must be maintained clean. Coolant or oil leaks can cause a build up of dust and debris which will slow the passage of air and in turn act as an insulator lessening the heat exchange. The coolant must also be replaced according to the manufacturer's recommendations, as the coolant's additives can stop working over time leading to overheating and possible engine failure.

Well lubricated pivot points

All attachments must be frequently lubricated, using a high quality grease. This should include the boom, dipper, bucket, all pins and bustings. Adequate lubrication is the key for longer lasting equipment, however over greasing can also cause problems such as environmental hazards. Accumulated grease and oil on a machine is also a fire hazards, not to mention messy.

Checking the bucket and attachments

The bucket should be inspected on a daily basis during use, for cracks and wear. If the bucket is being used for heavy duty cutting work, the teeth will wear quickly. It is advisable to have a fresh set of teeth and keepers available. Other attachments should also be inspected for cracks and wear.

Track adjustment/track tension

This should be checked daily if the excavator is being heavily used. A track that is too tight can lead to premature wear and breakage, a track that is too loose can cause poor manoeuvring and ultimately de-tracking. A properly adjusted track will maximise longevity as well minimising the wear on the track and its components.

Service the gearbox

Gearboxes require regular oil changes and maintenance, this is an area that is sometimes overlooked.

Check for leaks

All leaks must be corrected, to check for leaks monitor fluid levels, inspect the cooling system, the hydraulic system, the swing drive. If you suspect a leak anywhere, it must be immediately corrected.

General cleaning and maintenance

• The excavator should be regularly cleaned, exterior cleaning can be performed using steam cleaning or high pressure water.

• The cabin should also be frequently cleaned.

• Safety messages must be visible at all time and not concealed by dust and debris.

• Steps and handholds must be checked for safety, to ensure they are not loose or broken.

• Air recirculation filter element must be cleaned regularly. If it is filled with dust will shorten the life of an air conditioner or cabin heater and result in decreased performance.

We recommend a walk around inspection everyday to check your machinery. Manufacturers and local dealers can provide training and necessary information on how to maintain your excavator as all models are slightly different with their own specifications. Some excavators have electronic screens that will show maintenance reminders and program alerts of any potential problems, this helps the operator to identify and remedy the issue quickly. Spending time on maintenance will help save you money in the long term.